http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/502 Tue, 14 Apr 2026 11:20:26 GMT 2026-04-14T11:20:26Z http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/627 IMPACTO PSICOLÓGICO EN EL PERSONAL DE ENFERMERÍA Y TÉCNICOS DE LA SALUD DE PANAMÁ POR LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 Bacil de las Casas, Ana Karina The COVID-19 pandemic has generated unprecedented challenges for public health systems. Evidence indicates that, faced with a new and highly contagious virus, it is common to feel fear and uncertainty. Added to this, having to work long hours, being continually exposed to the virus, and not having adequate protective equipment supplies, are some of the stressors investigated that increase the risk of health personnel experiencing physical and psychological distress. The objective of this thesis was to describe the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-medical health personnel (nurses and technicians) in Panamá. To carry out this study, approval was obtained from the National Research Bioethics Committee of Panamá (CNBI EC-CNBI-2020-08-87). A mixed research design was defined. A sample of 124 health workers (non-doctors) answered a battery of self-report questionnaires to measure sociodemographic data, work characteristics, coping strategies (COPE-28), stress due to COVID (CPDI), insomnia (Athens Scale) and anxious, depressive and stress symptoms (DASS-21). In a second qualitative stage, 25 people from the sample participated in a semi-structured interview. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/627 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/622 Relación Entre Variables Psicosociales y la Adherencia al Tratamiento Antirretroviral en Pacientes con VIH de la Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital Santo Tomás en la Ciudad de Panamá, entre los años 2022 y 2024 Guzmán, Carlos Introduction: HIV/AIDS remains one of the deadliest infections globally, impacting 39.9 million people in 2023, with 2.7 million cases in Latin America and the Caribbean. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is crucial for effectively controlling the disease. In the Americas and the Caribbean, the epidemic disproportionately affects certain groups, including individuals with mental health conditions, social vulnerabilities, and those facing stigma—factors that complicate adherence to treatment. Objective: Establish the relationship between stigma, quality of life and psychosocial variables with adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients with VIH the Infection Disease Clinic of the Hospital Santo Tomás in the City of Panama, between the years 2022 and 2024. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted, involving 100 adult patients who had been on the ART program at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Santo Tomás Hospital for over 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups: a group of participants adherent to treatment (n=50) and a non-adherent group (n=50). Different scales were used to measure the different variables. The Berger Stigma Scale in HIV patients was used to measure stigma. Quality of life was measured with Vilagut's SF-36 scale. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was obtained with the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) scale and finally the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale was used to measure depression, and the General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to measure anxiety. Additionally, participants filled out a survey to assess sociodemographic variables. Results: Participants not adhering to treatment were significantly younger and reported significantly greater internal stigmatization, as well as more symptoms of depression and anxiety. Non-adherent participants reported significantly lower physical function, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, vitality, social function, emotional role, and mental health compared to adherent participants. However, no significant v differences were found when comparing adherers and non-adherers in terms of distance from housing to clinic, time with HIV, completed academic degree, monthly income, and perceived external stigmatization. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of assessing stigma, depression, and anxiety levels in new patients to ensure better follow-up care. Additionally, these findings provide valuable insights for developing interventions that target these factors, which could enhance treatment adherence. This study lays the groundwork for designing and evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/622 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/548 Creencias Cognitivas Distorsionadas y los Efectos de la Psicoterapia Cognitiva Conductual en dos Casos de Mujeres con Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad Robles, Mariela Esta investigación ha sido presentada, para obtener el título de Doctora en Psicología Clínica; por la Universidad Santa María La Antigua. Durante los años 2006 y 2008 realice la Práctica Clínica en el Centro Femenino de Rehabilitación (CFR), de allí nace la idea de efectuar el trabajo de tesis, con internas diagnosticadas, con un trastorno límite de la personalidad. El trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) es uno de los trastornos que más discusión causa; la combinación de los síntomas clínicos, su dificultad para conceptualizarlo; así como de una teoría que logre unificar los diversos planteamientos entre autores, han desembocado en desacuerdos y tratamientos que son eficaces para tratar algunos síntomas, pero deja por fuera otros síntomas que también deben ser tratados. Este trabajo se enfoca en explicar, cómo son las creencias cognitivas en dos internas (estudio de casos) con trastorno límite de la personalidad y su intervención desde el modelo cognitivo conductual; con la finalidad de mejorar su padecimiento, con el fin de que puedan llevar sus vidas de manera más funcionales. Esta tesis se presenta en cuatro capítulos. Además de los resultados del trabajo planteado en las conclusiones y los hallazgos, se exponen las respuestas a las preguntas de investigación. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/548 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/547 Programa Cognitivo Conductual para el Tratamiento de Niñas en Condición de Riesgo Social, Internadas en un Centro de Protección. Un Abordaje Individual y de Grupo Ortiz, Ruth A. This work has been titled “Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Girls at Social Risk Conditions Program admitted to a protection center. An individual and group approach”. The aim of the study is to identify the causes of problems in the relationships between girls and their caregivers. Its purpose is to provide techniques derived from the study, which can be applied by all staff to the care of children, to improve relations between them, using a practical function manual as an important source of daily support and prevention. The study is qualitative research method and corresponds to a case study. The results from different collections of data applied to a group of eight girls and adolescents are compared with data of cases of two children who were part of the same study group. Additionally, a questionnaire was applied to the caregivers and their responses were compared with those of the children. It was found that relationships between children and their caregivers are affected by the misconduct of girls, which are regulated by their cognitive structure. Their automatic thoughts and core beliefs dominate their reactions to annoying situations, because of their past experiences in dysfunctional family and social environments. In addition, caregivers also influence the type of relationship they develop with the girls because they lack the basic knowledge about the cognitive structure of the minor, neither attend the emotional needs to help them adapt and accept the rules. Based on the results recommendations were made to the cognitive restructuring of automatic thoughts and relationships between children and their caregivers, using techniques presented in the Cognitive Behavioral Manual to Manage Relations of Girls at Social Risk Conditions, provided as part of this work. This work has been titled “Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Girls at Social Risk Conditions Program admitted to a protection center. An individual and group approach”. The aim of the study is to identify the causes of problems in the relationships between girls and their caregivers. Its purpose is to provide techniques derived from the study, which can be applied by all staff to the care of children, to improve relations between them, using a practical function manual as an important source of daily support and prevention. The study is qualitative research method and corresponds to a case study. The results from different collections of data applied to a group of eight girls and adolescents are compared with data of cases of two children who were part of the same study group. Additionally, a questionnaire was applied to the caregivers and their responses were compared with those of the children. It was found that relationships between children and their caregivers are affected by the misconduct of girls, which are regulated by their cognitive structure. Their automatic thoughts and core beliefs dominate their reactions to annoying situations, because of their past experiences in dysfunctional family and social environments. In addition, caregivers also influence the type of relationship they develop with the girls because they lack the basic knowledge about the cognitive structure of the minor, neither attend the emotional needs to help them adapt and accept the rules. Based on the results recommendations were made to the cognitive restructuring of automatic thoughts and relationships between children and their caregivers, using techniques presented in the Cognitive Behavioral Manual to Manage Relations of Girls at Social Risk Conditions, provided as part of this work. Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://speiro.usma.ac.pa/handle/123456789/547 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z